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Oriental rugs are either knotted or flatwoven, or a combination of both. Rugs are often made to varying degrees of technical distinction using a variety of weaving techniques and materials.

As with the basic structural foundation to all textiles the constituents of oriental rugs consists of warps and wefts, warps are the strands of yarn that span lengthways to the top and bottom of the loom and the wefts are strands that run widthways. To form the pile a small piece of yarn, usually wool is tied around two or more adjacent warps so that both ends of yarn protrudes through the foundation, this process is repeated before the weft is beaten down with the entwined warp, thus creating the knotting between the pile and the foundation, it's this repeated knotting process that give oriental rugs their incredible strengh.

Two types of knot are generally used, the Senneh and the Ghiordes, neither of which are notably superior to each other albeit a knowledge between two can help in determining the attribution of a rug i.e. the Senneh is typically attributed to Persia and Ghirodes to Turkey.  

Persian (Senneh) Knot